What is Celiac Disease?
It is an autoimmune condition triggered by consuming gluten, a protein found in
- Rye
- Wheat
- Barley
Known also as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, it causes the immune system to attack the small intestine, damaging the villi—tiny projections responsible for nutrient absorption.
This damage can lead to malnutrition and various health issues.
Symptoms and Complications
Symptoms of celiac disease can vary significantly and may include:
- Digestive Issues: Abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gas, and nausea. Poop may be pale, foul-smelling, or float.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Anaemia, bone pain, and weakness due to poor nutrient absorption.
- Skin and Neurological Symptoms: Itchy rash (dermatitis herpetiformis), headaches, fatigue, mood changes, and nerve issues like numbness.
- Women-Specific Symptoms: Irregular periods, early menopause, and miscarriage. Untreated celiac disease can also affect fertility.
Children often present with digestive symptoms but can also experience
- Delayed growth
- Learning disabilities
- Irritability
Untreated celiac disease may lead to complications like
- Osteoporosis
- Liver disease
- Cancer
Causes and Risk Factors
Celiac disease results from an abnormal immune reaction to gluten, causing damage in the gut.
Factors contributing to the condition include:
- Genetic Predisposition: Specific gene mutations increase the risk, though not everyone carrying these genes will develop the disease
- Family History: Having a close relative with celiac disease increases the risk.
- Other Conditions: Associated with autoimmune disorders like Type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Celiac disease can be triggered by factors such as infections, surgery, or emotional stress.
Diagnosis and Testing
Diagnosing celiac disease involves several steps:
Blood Tests: Detect antibodies to gluten and assess genetic markers. It’s essential to be on a gluten-containing diet before testing.
Biopsy: An endoscopy is used to obtain a tissue sample from the small intestine to evaluate damage to the villi.
Additional Tests May include checking for nutritional deficiencies and assessing inflammation levels.
Treatment and Management
The treatment involves a lifelong gluten-free diet.
This involves avoiding wheat, barley, and rye foods and avoiding cross-contamination. Instead, focus on:
- Gluten-Free Alternatives: Rice, potatoes, corn, beans, and gluten-free grains like quinoa and millet.
- Avoidance of Hidden Gluten: Read labels carefully on packaged foods, medications, and personal care products.
- Supplementation: May include vitamins and minerals if deficiencies are present.
Take Charge of Your Health
If you suspect you have celiac disease or experience related symptoms, consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and management.
Early intervention and a strict gluten-free diet can improve quality of life and prevent complications.
Schedule a consultation with your doctor and start your journey toward a healthier, gluten-free life.
